Viva Translations Essay Example for Free

Viva Translations Essay For example, Translators without Borders is listed as Ð ° partner, together with Viva Translations in Lisbon and Eulogia (currently Ð ° dead link), on the Eurotexte site. Similarly, the Translators without Borders site features Ð ° link to Eurotexte on the main page and, after outlining the groups services to several humanitarian organizations, informs us that many Eurotexte translators and staff volunteer their time for these important translation jobs so that translations can be provided free to humanitarian NGOs. The narrative of Translators without Borders is also structurally incoherent in another respect, as Ð ° consequence of its dependence on and overlap with the Eurotexte narrative. Translators without Borders, listed under the rubric â€Å"Success Stories† on the Eurotexte site, espouse humanitarian and political ideals that are arguably at odds with Eurotexte practices. Lori Thicke, managing director of Eurotexte and founder of Translators Without Borders, addresses these ideals in an undated speech to the Italian Federation of Translation Companies, which she begins with Ð ° powerful reminder of the atrocities committed in Chechnya, Palestine, and Kosovo. Ð  man in Chechnya says, Ð  ground-to-ground missile killed my two sons in the market in Grozny. They werent fighters-they were just there to buy some jeans. The Palestinian girl who at first is too afraid to talk to the visitors, whispers, І dont think were going to come out of this alive. on Ð ° forced March to the border Ð ° mother in Kosovo cries as the soldier takes aim, Not him, hes not even 15! Thicke goes on to ask, If theres no money for translations, who will tell their stories? This is Ð ° valid question and an admirable call for intervention. Yet at the same time the Eurotexte site proudly lists among its top clients numerous companies that are directly or indirectly implicated in the very atrocities that communities like Translators without Borders are meant to be bringing to our attention. These include General Electric, the subject of an intense boycott campaign by various peace groups between 1986 and 1993 because of its involvement in the production and sale of nuclear weapons. As Ð ° major U. S. defense contractor, it is now back on the boycott lists of several anti-war groups. Similar criticisms could be leveled at other clients that Eurotexte proudly lists on its site, including Loreal, as well as its subsidiary Lancome. Apart from its dismal record on animal testing, Loreal established Israel as its commercial center in the Middle East in 1995 and in 1998 received Israels Jubilee Award, for organizations who have done most to strengthen the Israeli economy. Loreal is on the boycott lists of various solidarity groups set up precisely to respond to the kind of fear and oppression opposed by the humanitarian organizations that are served by Translators without Borders. At best, then, Eurotexte/ Translators Without Borders may be accused of taking only Ð ° superficial interest in the plight of the groups it presumes to defend and of failing to look into the wider context of the tragedies it purports to oppose. At worst Eurotexte knowingly and cynically exploits both oppressor and oppressed to further its own commercial success. In Fishers framework, fidelity ultimately ranks higher than coherence. Structural incoherence of the type outlined above in the narrative of Translators Without Borders can in principle be explained and even justified from the perspective of narrative fidelity. Narrative fidelity, as І explained earlier, allows us to test Ð ° story in relation to its reasons as well as the values it promotes In terms of reasons, one could argue that Eurotexte has not misrepresented its links with Translators without Borders and has not sought to mislead by omitting facts about how the two organizations relate to each other. Eurotexte can only gain by its links with Translators without Borders; thus, the reasons for its particular narrative being what it is is logical and justified. For Eurotexte, doing good comes at Ð ° price; the ability to use Translators Without Borders as Ð ° selling point at the same time as keeping its own operation focused on making money ensures that translators without borders can continue to enjoy Ð ° stable platform at the same time that Eurotexte can continue its associations with clients like General Electric and Loreal. In her speech cited above, Thicke explicitly maintains this duality, stating, I’m sure І dont have to convince you of the importance of humanitarian work. If you didnt believe in it, you wouldnt be here today. But were in business. We all need to make money. Good works are often Ð ° luxury we cant afford. or can us? The great news І have for you today is that good works not only help the world: they can also be good for business. Much as І believe in good works, I’m Ð ° businesswoman, through and through Apart from indirectly securing Ð ° financial basis for its activities by promoting its sponsor as Ð ° responsible agency, however, it is not obvious how the aims of Translators Without Borders are served by being commoditized to enhance the image of Eurotexte. It is this element of the commoditization of the humanitarian work of the group that undermines the narrative of Translators without Borders, particularly in light of Fishers fidelity principles. Here, we ask what kind of worldview is promoted by the narrative under examination and what cultural values it directly or indirectly gives credence to.

Cambridge :: essays research papers

England is famous for its educational institutes. It has some of the most famous universities of the world like Oxford, Cambridge and London universities. The city of Cambridge is in the county of Cambridgeshire and is famous because it is the home of Cambridge University, one of the oldest and most prestigious universities of the world.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Cambridge City occupies an area of 16 square miles. It is 50 miles north of London and stands on the East Bank of the River Cam, and was originally a place where the river was crossed. Other than being the home of Cambridge University, Cambridge City itself is a very lively city. It provides a lot of entertainment such as Ballet, Opera, Drama, Music, and Film. The river is use mostly for pleasure of boating and punting. The Fitzwilliam Museum, the University Museum of Archaeology, and the University Museum of the Zoology are among the best of all museums in Europe. Foundation of Cambridge   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The foundation of Cambridge goes back to 11th century when Norman’s built a castle at River Cam. During Romans time, a small town situated just north of river in the Castle Hill area. The town was called Granata. Later on during the Saxon period, it was known as Grantabridge, which means Swampy River Bridge. The name later became Cantabridge and then by 14th century, Cambridge. Foundation of the University Of Cambridge  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The University of Cambridge was establish by religious groups like Franciscans and Dominicans in the early 12th century students from the Oxford University and Paris University left to study in Cambridge in the 13th century. The origin of the college is trace to the association of the students, distinctive form of religious affiliated groups, who began to reside in independent hostels, or halls. Later on some tension developed between the town people and students known as â€Å"town and gown† conflict. This conflict led to the establishment of the first college, Peterhouse in 1284 by Bishop of Ely. In 1318, Pope John XXII issued a bull recognizing Cambridge as a â€Å"Stadium Generale†, or a place of study; that is a University. The University Of Cambridge From Past To Present   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The university was basically established to study for religious purposes. It was one of the important centers of Protestant Reformation in the 16th century. Some of the famous religious reformers like William Tyndale, Hugh Latimer and Thomas Cranmer were graduates of Cambridge.

China’s Relations with African Countries: Strategic Perspective (Case of Madagascar) Essay

Year 1st Semester Course: MEDIA IN CHINA [pic] TOPIC: CHINA’S RELATIONS WITH AFRICAN COUNTRIES: STRATEGIC PERSPECTIVE (CASE OF MADAGASCAR) STU. NAME: RANDRIANASOLO Fenolanto Salome STU. NO. CLASS SCHOOL LECTUERER: PROFESSOR LUO QING GRADE: Master CHINA’S RELATIONS WITH AFRICAN COUNTRIES: STRATEGIC PERSPECTIVE (CASE OF MADAGASCAR) INTRODUCTION In recent decades, while China can ignore other countries, other countries cannot ignore China. It is beginning to play an increasingly important role in many areas such as economics, political, and socio-cultural. This is a great new rising power at the beginning of the 21st century. This explosive growth of China has generated significant debates among policymakers, scholars and business leaders on a number of levels. China is now building relationships in several countries especially in Africa. There have been a number of contacts between China and African states in recent decades. This paper seeks to understand this recent shift in China’s relation with African countries such as Madagascar. Historical Background In 1955: 29 African and Asian states create the â€Å"Third world† to strengthen its base in Africa and Asia; Since 1960s: . The Chinese leader Mao supported the African independences. China supports the ambassadors of the emerging countries against Western interference in their internal affairs at the United Nations. In 1978: Deng Xiaoping decided to open the Chinese economy by establishing a new form of socialism; Since the 1990: African economies have opened up for the Asian powers including China; China becomes the spokesperson for developing countries within the WTO (world trade organization) Partnership China-Madagascar: China has become increasingly active on the African continent in recent years and this activity has drawn the attention of scholars and journalists, among others. Diplomatic Relations: Madagascar and China established diplomatic relations November 6, 1972 and bilateral relations between the two countries continue to consolidate, develop and to strengthen since. Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries in 1972, their relationship and cooperation in the economic, commercial and various grow without ceasing. In recent years, the leaders of both countries attach great importance the development of relations and exchanges of high-level increase, which gives great impetus to the rapid development of bilateral relations of friendship and Malagasy cooperation. The Minister of Foreign Affairs established the first diplomatic relations between China and Madagascar during the transition (1972-1975); The celebration of the 40th anniversary of diplomatic relationship between China and Madagascar held on 6th November 2012. Several high Malagasy personalities visited China since the 1990s such as the President of the Republic Albert ZAFY in 1994; Madagascar President Marc RAVALOMANANA arrived in Beijing in 2008. During the current transitional period, Ambassador of China Shen Yongxiang has presented his credentials to the Head of State Andrinirina RAJOELINA. Several high Chinese leaders such as the President of the National People’s Congress Chen Muhua; the Second Prime Minister Jiang Chungun and the Vice President of the Republic Hu Jintao was visited Madagascar. Economic Relations: If China’s economic weight is felt in African countries, in particular Madagascar by its commercial dynamism, the country begins to be an investor not negligible. Since 2005, the partnership agreements between Madagascar and China have continued to increase. For example, the establishment of a cement factory, the construction of a large 5 star hotel by a Chinese group, the future construction of a hospital. And even well before the year 2005, investment in China has already had its place in the economy, be it in the industry â€Å"trade†. China is the largest partner of Madagascar in terms of imports; 95% of products from Madagascar benefit from the Chinese treatment tariff exemption; The agreement of economic and technical cooperation between China and Madagascar was signed in 2006. Several Chinese companies investing in Madagascar in the infrastructure, energy, the exploitation of oil and raw materials. Bilateral cooperation in the economic and commercial widens constantly rapidly increasing bilateral trade, investment activates the  day and exchanges in cultural, educational and human intensify. The consultations between the two countries in international affairs reinforce more. Cultural Relation: During 40 years of partnership, China has provided more than 350 scholarships and has trained more than 860 government officials and journalist. CONFUCIUS Institutes were established in three provinces of the Big Island. Impact and perspective: The Chinese presence opens a new perspective for developing countries and it presents many more choices in terms of policy and developing model. It allows exploitation of natural resources with higher prices of raw materials and facilitates access to international aid. It promotes the diversification of investment, a new spirit based on the expression win-win more attractive. China’s growth is pushing up global demand and therefore  the price of commodities exported by African countries. In addition, China has become the main partner of several African countries: it provides cheaper manufactured goods and reduces their dependence on their ways traditional trading partners. In the case of Madagascar, the local market is still underdeveloped in that 20% of the population live in urban areas and in this context, the abundance of Chinese products (food, textiles, toys, shoes, appliances, †¦ Markets Local penalizes local industries to the extent that the price of Chinese products is well below the cost of local industries and supply is abundant. The competitiveness of local industries is low compared to the value of a product Chinese including textiles and food products. In the Capital Antananarivo, expansion and Chinese domination can be analyzed via the rapid development of a shopping center Behoririka (name of district) in the middle Capital in the image of Chinatown. Added to this is the development of restorations. However, these imports improve the well-being of people in that price consumer goods from China are within the powers of purchases population. The development of these businesses creates jobs but the salary level remains insufficient compared to the level of wages in the private sector in Madagascar. Chinese competition also exerts downward pressure on the cost of investment. Chinese equipment (transport, agriculture) is very cheap an alternative to higher quality goods. However, the lifetime of the equipment is not long compared to the same type of equipment from Europe. Chinese growth will boost African exports but will also increase volatility. China opened its market by treating preferential tariff least developed countries, but this has not yet been impacted on African exports. In the case of Madagascar, export to the China is still insufficient compared to the values of imports and has been a decade. This increases the trade deficit Malagasy and may undermine the external reserves position of the Central Bank of Madagascar. If Europe the main export destination from Madagascar, China still relatively low and represents 2. 2%. In terms of trade between China and Madagascar, relationships become increasingly important during the last decade. Current trends regional trade showed a significant increase and the value of continuous imports from China, and a modest increase in export exports Madagascar to China. Changes in imports and exports of Madagascar with China do not evolve at the same rate, resulting in an imbalance of trade. The exchanges are obviously in favor of China. CONCLUSION In short cooperation with China is mutually beneficial and China has promoted the cultural development in Madagascar. Projects underway in Madagascar, which involve Chinese aid, are also very visible. In terms of foreign direct investment, the weight of Chinese investors is not negligible and is around 10%. The majority of Chinese capital from Hong Kong. Chinese companies are among the providers of jobs in Madagascar. If the participation of France in the capital is very dominant in Madagascar, China’s participation has increased by 0. 8% to 10. 9% over the same period and has a negative influence on the situation in France. This attests to the strengthening of the position China and offset somewhat the impact of French colonization of the current situation. The friendly cooperation in the field of education, health and trade, have borne remarkable fruit. We think that with the principle of mutual benefit, cooperation between China and Madagascar will have a bright future. REFERENCES †¢ http://www. bbc. co. uk/news/world-africa-13864364 †¢ http://www. irinnews. org/Madagascar †¢ http://www. state. gov/p/af/ci/ma/ †¢ file:///F:/feed%20back%20de%2040%20ans. htm †¢ file:///F:/CCTV%20mirrroir%20d%20afrik%20frappe%20chinoise. htm file:///F:/mada%20chine%202. htm †¢ http://www. xinhuanet. com/english/home. htm †¢ Perspectives economiques en Afrique. OCDE. 2006 †¢ Plan cadre des Nations Unies pour l’assistance au developpement (UNDAF) Madagascar 2008-2011. Systeme des Nations Unies. Juin 2007 †¢ Rapport National sur le Developpement Humain Madagascar 2006 : Le s technologies de l’information et de la communication et developpement humain. PNUD. Avril 2007 †¢ Les echanges entre la Chine et L’Afrique : Situation actuelle, perspectives et sources pour l’analyse , Jean Raphael Chaponniere, STATECO N °100, 2006.

Echinoidea Profile Facts About the Class Echinoidea

The Class Echinoidea contains some familiar marine creatures - sea urchins and sand dollars, along with heart urchins. These animals are echinoderms, so they are related to sea stars (starfish) and sea cucumbers. Echinoids are supported by a rigid skeleton called a test, which is made up of interlocking plates of a calcium carbonate material called stereom. Echinoids have a mouth (usually located on the animals bottom) and an anus (usually located on what could be termed the top of the organism). They also may have spines and water-filled tube feet for locomotion. Echinoids may be round, like a sea urchin, oval- or heart-shaped, like a heart urchin or flattened, like a sand dollar. Although sand dollars are often thought of as white, when they are alive they are covered in spines that may be purple, brown or tan in color. Echinoid  Classification Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: EchinodermataClass: Echinoidea Echinoid  Feeding Sea urchins and sand dollars may feed on algae, plankton and other small organisms. Echinoid  Habitat and Distribution Sea urchins and sand dollars are found all over the world, from tide pools and sandy bottoms to the deep sea. Click here for some photos of deep sea urchins. Echinoid  Reproduction In most echinoids, there are separate sexes and individual animals release eggs and sperm into the water column, where fertilization occurs. Tiny larvae form and live in the water column as plankton before eventually forming the test and settling to the bottom. Echinoid  Conservation and Human Uses Sea urchin and sand dollar tests are popular with shell collectors. Some species of echinoids, such as sea urchins, are eaten in some areas. The eggs, or roe, are considered a delicacy.